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便宜筆譯翻譯社

“The findings are exciting, particularly the robustness of the daily patterns in positive affect across vastly different geographical areas and cultures翻譯社” said Brant Hasler翻譯社 a psychologist at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. “A systematic daily pattern of positive mood is a fundamental part of human existence.”

Golder說：“推特、臉書以及市場買賣平台ebay、亞馬遜：這就是天天的生活”對於世界上大部份的人來說，“對於一個社會學者來講去向理這些數據是一個別致的機會”

“I applaud the creativity of the authors’ methods翻譯社 and the ambitious scope of their sample,” said Hasler. “Now, we need to address two questions that follow from this: Why do these daily patterns exist? And how can we use this knowledge to improve our own lives and those of others?”

按照Golder，人群引發的資料設定剖析不會取代其他方法，而是變得更完全，假設還沒有其他社會模組的調查方式。直到近日，“還沒有任何現實的方式去觀查大範圍人群的細部資料”翻譯

Though the proposition that mood is governed by circadian and sleep cycles is widely accepted, other studies of mood fluctuations have found varying patterns, especially for positivity: A single afternoon peak, a day-long plateau, dual peaks at noon and evening or afternoon and evening, a mid-afternoon dip. Those discrepancies may be based largely on factors eliminated by the new study.

The details seem intuitive: positive feelings peaking in the morning, dipping during work and rising at day’s end; negativity accumulated over the workweek dissipating late on Friday afternoon. But they’ve proved surprisingly tricky to measure.

• 周日是整周平均最佈滿正面情感的一天，尤其是周日上午到達岑嶺，但整周最高興的時候是要接近午夜十二點前的周六（下一個最高興是周五，第三名才是周日）。
  

  Image: Golder et al./Science
  

• 負面情感不絕積累到過了午夜三點才會因為睡眠而快速降落（因為累了嗎？），但正面情感從三更十二點就入手下手緩步降落。

  
  

  使用 Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count，一個文字分析的程式可以為論述裡的字詞做定量剖析，

  
  

  The 140-character format itself might also be misleading, reducing the use of adjectives that would give more nuanced indicators of emotional tone, Hasler said.

  Twitter users, of course, don’t represent humanity either. But the culture- and globe-spanning size of the software platform’s community, and their constant generation of data that can be cross-referenced and correlated and otherwise computationally investigated翻譯社 make them alluring to researchers.

  
  

  “Twitter and Facebook翻譯社 market transactions on eBay and Amazon: This is the stuff of everyday life” for much of the world翻譯社 said Golder. “For a social scientist to have access to these records is a fantastic new opportunity.”
  

  細節由直覺看起來：正面感受在早晨到達高峰，然後從工作開始降落又最先上升到一天竣事前；而負面感觸感染積累整周工作日然後到周五下戰書消弭不少。但這些圖表顯示的其實難以測定。

  推特的資料探勘記載了全球情感模組

• 周一及周二是整周負面情感最高的二天（幾近完全堆疊），但周二是整周正面情感起碼的一天，其實周二才是整周最無奈的一天而不是我們傳統以為的星期一翻譯
  

  
  

  以時候(X軸)及日期(色彩)排序，平均時刻變化下，正面(上方圖表)及負面(下方圖表)的感化

  康乃爾大學的社會學者Scott Golder 說：“全部嘗試室的工作變得很不確定性”，推特研究的配合作者在科學期刊9月29日揭橥“每一個研究關於他們在對主體的感觸感染程度都有些紛歧樣”

  However, said Hasler, “One must be very careful in extrapolating emotional state from a highly specific form of communication like Twitter.” People often present themselves strategically翻譯社 and periods of especially intense emotion might be over- or under-represented.

  Citation: “Diurnal and Seasonal Mood Vary with Work翻譯社 Sleep翻譯社 and Daylength Across Diverse Cultures.” By Scott A. Golder and Michael W. Macy. Science翻譯社 Vol. 333翻譯社 September 30, 2011.

• 中午到下晝六點是正面情感最降低的時刻（我原以為午休時候會歡愉一點，但想一想這是西方的研究，他們並沒有午休時候）。
  

  According to Golder, analysis of crowd-generated datasets isn’t intended to replace other methodologies翻譯社 but to complement them翻譯社 providing yet one more way of investigating social patterns. Until recently, “there hasn’t been any practical way to observe large numbers of people in fine-grained detail,” he said.

  推特的使用者理所當然的也不克不及成為人道的代表翻譯但推特的文化及全球化規模的軟體平台的社群，以及連氣兒性的資料可以交互參照、幹系還有電腦數字化的查詢拜訪，都對換查者來說具有吸引力。

  一項從5億推特用戶過濾後的情緒模組研究，顯現出情緒如何高漲到降低的聯貫性的文明標准，逾越時候及世界各地翻譯

  
  

  
  

  By Brandon Keim September 29, 2011 | 2:30 pm | Categories: Brains and Behavior翻譯社 Tech

  
  

  許多關於情感的研究－或是說更多技巧性地正面和負面影響－在小我查詢拜訪中每分鐘分天都在改變，多是非聯貫的假如沒有哄人的話翻譯這個研究的主體也有傾向西方尚未結業的學生，總而言之他們不大能算是人性的代表翻譯

  但是， Hasler說道：“必然要非常地謹慎揣度情緒狀態，從一個高度相異的溝通模式下像是推特”人們常策略性的表達他們的想法，還有一種特別的情素或許過度或是不被表達出來。

  The resulting trends — positive moods starting high in the morning and declining through the day翻譯社 peaking overall on weekends — held steady around the world.

140種的腳色格式也有可能誤導，減化形容詞的利用方式會給推供更多微妙的情緒指導， Hasler說道。

最後的成績顯示－正面的情感在淩晨高漲但隨著時間闌珊，整周都保持同時的峰值－甚至世界各地皆然。

這篇報道是說，由Scott A. Golder and Michael W. Macy所寫的研究陳述呈現的圖表有很大的樣本數以及特殊性，而這個圖表很有趣，用X軸為時間；Y軸為情感積累，各類色彩的線各代表禮拜，翻譯公司可以看到天天正面情感和負面情感跟著時候而分歧，這個記者並找了另外一位學者Hasler來評論他們所寫的申報，看完全篇報道只能說，這研究類的文章其實沒重點到不可，明明這張圖表就很是有趣，居然整篇文章也只有提到“正面感觸感染在淩晨到達岑嶺，然後從工作最先下落又入手下手上升到一天竣事前；而負面感觸感染累積整周工作日然後到周五下戰書消弭很多翻譯”，華碩翻譯公司自己來解讀以下：

(翻譯)推特的資料探勘記載了全球情緒模組

An analysis of mood patterns distilled from half a billion tweets has produced a civilization-scale picture of how moods rise and fall in tandem, over time and across the world.

Using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, a text analysis program that quantifies the emotional content of statements, Golder and co-author Michael Macy analyzed a total of 509 million tweets generated over two years by 2.4 million people in 84 countries.

“There’s a whole generation of lab work that’s been inconclusive翻譯社” said sociologist Scott Golder of Cornell University, co-author of the tweet analysis published Sept. 29 in Science. “Every study would have something different to say about what they saw in their subjects’ affective rhythms.”

“華碩翻譯公司向作者技術的創意拍手，還有他們樣本數調查的野心” Hasler說道。“如今我們需要從這個材料提出二個問題：為何這些日常模組會存在？還有我們如何運用這些知識去改良我們的生涯或是其他方面？”

Hourly changes in average positive (top) and negative (bottom) affect, arrayed by time (X-axis) and day (color). (Golder et al./Science)

“這些發現是使人興奮的，出格是正面影響跨越巨大的地理及文化差異平常模組的不變性” 匹茲堡醫學大學的心理學者Brant Hasler說道，“一個系統化的正面情緒日常模組是人類存有的根蒂根基部分”

By Brandon Keim September 29, 2011 | 2:30 pm | Categories: Brains and Behavior, Tech