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飼主陳書桓：「媽媽人好欠好？」

瑤文翻譯昨天才在Kindle上看完原作，很好奇大賣 翻譯中文本是 什麼模樣，因為它是出自洪蘭的手筆，她翻的第51本書！ 一脈相承，果然沒讓我失望，順手就挑出一堆毛病， 而這只是最前面的幾頁罷了！ 可惜了一本好書，因為譯者是洪蘭，今後大概不會有 另外譯本在台出版了 翻譯社悲夫！ 我只挑翻譯較著錯誤的部門，至於修辭就算了， 多讀一行，是多一分折磨。 中文來自博客來書店 翻譯摘選 翻譯社 ------------------------------ The psychologist Gary Klein tells the story of a team of firefighters that entered a house in which the kitchen was on fire. Soon after they started hosing down the kitchen 翻譯公司 the commander heard himself shout, “Let’s get out of here!” without realizing why. The floor collapsed almost immediately after the firefighters escaped. Only after the fact did the commander realize that the fire had been unusually quiet and that his ears had been unusually hot. Together, these impressions prompted what he called a “sixth sense of danger.” He had no idea what was wrong, but he knew something was wrong. It turned out that the heart of the fire had not been in the kitchen but in the basement beneath where the men had stood. 心理學家克萊恩（Gary Klein）曾說過一個故事：一群消防隊員進入一間廚房著火 翻譯房 子，他們很快就把火熄滅了，消防隊長聽到他自己大呼：「馬上撤出！」他其實不知道自己 為什麼會如許說，但是當消防隊一分開，地板就垮掉了。事後，消防隊長才知道，因為這 場火比一般火警安靜，沒有猛烈燃燒的巨大聲音，而他的耳朵又感受到比正常時更熱，這 激發了他的「危機第六感」（Sixth Sense of danger） 翻譯社他其實不知道有什麼地方過失， 但是他知道過錯勁了，後來發現原來火源並非在廚房，而是在地下室，消防隊員們就站 在火源上頭。 ------------------------------------ 評： Soon after they started hosing down the kitchen 他們（消防隊）才開始澆灌罷了，還沒把火熄滅 "沒有劇烈燃燒 翻譯龐大聲音" 原文所無，感謝譯者的創作 ----------------------------------- We have all heard such stories of expert intuition: the chess master who walks past a street game and announces “White mates in three” without stopping 翻譯公司 or the physician who makes a complex diagnosis after a single glance at a patient. Expert intuition strikes us as magical, but it is not. Indeed 翻譯公司 each of us performs feats of intuitive expertise many times each day. Most of us are pitch-perfect in detecting anger in the first word of a telephone call 翻譯公司 recognize as we enter a room that we were the subject of the conversation 翻譯公司 and quickly react to subtle signs that the driver of the car in the next lane is dangerous. Our everyday intuitive abilities are no less marvelous than the striking insights of an experienced firefighter or physician—only more common. 我們都聽過這類專家直覺的故事：西洋棋大師在顛末街頭棋局時，腳步都沒停，就說「再 三步，白棋贏」；大夫只要看病人一眼就做出複雜的診斷。專家的直覺在我們看起來好像 是魔術，但其實不是。我們每個人每一天都在做專家 翻譯直覺判定，大部份人在接聽電話 翻譯第一個字時，就可以偵察到對方的憤慨；一走進房間，就立即知道別人正在談論我們；危 險駕駛，立刻做出因應 翻譯逃難措施 翻譯社我們每一天 翻譯直覺能力其實不比有經驗的消防隊員或醫 生差，只不外我們經歷的都是平常小事罷了。 ----------------------------------- 評： strikes us as magical strikes us 是忽然想到的意思，像被什麼打了一樣，不是「在我們看起來好像」 Expert intuition strikes us as magical 專家的直覺倏忽平空而來，彷彿變魔術一般 pitch-perfect 「準確」沒翻 quickly react to subtle signs that the driver of the car in the next lane is dangerous 用「危險駕駛，馬上做出因應的逃難辦法」打發隔鄰車道 翻譯危險駕駛， 反應確實很敏捷。 only more common 都是平常小事罷了嗎？ 只是比較平常罷了 翻譯社 ----------------------------------- The psychology of accurate intuition involves no magic. Perhaps the best short statement of it is by the great Herbert Simon, who studied chess masters and showed that after thousands of hours of practice they come to see the pieces on the board differently from the rest of us. You can feel Simon’ s impatience with the mythologizing of expert intuition when he writes: “The situation has provided a cue; this cue has given the expert access to information stored in memory, and the information provides the answer. Intuition is nothing more and nothing less than recognition.” 正確直覺 翻譯心理學並沒有任何魔術在裡面，也許最好的一句話就是研究西洋棋巨匠的心理 學家賽蒙（Herbert Simon）說 翻譯：西洋棋巨匠和我們最大的分歧是，在花過幾千個小時 下棋後，他們看棋盤的體式格局已跟我們紛歧樣了。從賽蒙下面所說的話，你可以感觸感染到他 很不耐性坊間把專家的直覺神話化：「情境供應了線索，讓專家得以從記憶提取訊息，並 供應謎底。直覺就是辨識（recognition），不多也很多，就是它 翻譯社」 ----------------------------------- 評： The psychology of accurate intuition involves no magic. psychology 這裡不克不及翻譯為心理學；而是「心理進程」或「心理特點」 Longman Dictionary: mental processes involved in believing in something or doing a certain activity OALD: mental characteristics of a person or group 看到 -logy 就只會翻譯為「─學」，是初學翻譯的人材會有的愚昧反射動作 看成：准確直覺的心理進程沒有包括任何魔術 "great" Herbert Simon 洪蘭可能感覺他不偉大吧？ pieces on the board 棋盤上 翻譯棋子 看「棋局」 翻譯體式格局 光看棋盤幹嗎呀？ 坊間，市街之間，多指書坊。原文無。 ------------------------------------ We are not surprised when a two-year-old looks at a dog and says “doggie!” because we are used to the miracle of children learning to recognize and name things. Simon’s point is that the miracles of expert intuition have the same character. Valid intuitions develop when experts have learned to recognize familiar elements in a new situation and to act in a manner that is appropriate to it. Good intuitive judgments come to mind with the same immediacy as “doggie!” 我們看到一個兩歲孩子看到狗時，說「狗狗」，一點也不希奇，因為我們已習慣孩子每 天都在進修辨識物體而且「叫名」（naming） 翻譯社賽蒙對專家直覺的奇蹟也是一樣的見地， 當專家在新的情境看到熟習的元素，他就依誰人情境顯露出最得當的行為，那就是我們所 看到成功的直覺。好 翻譯直覺判定就像孩子看到狗時叫狗狗一樣，是進修和經驗的積累。 ----------------------------------- 評： Simon’s point is that the miracles of expert intuition have the same character. 洪蘭：賽蒙對專家直覺 翻譯奇蹟也是一樣 翻譯見地 看成：賽蒙認為專家直覺的奇蹟具有一樣的特征 Valid intuitions develop 沒翻出來 「專家在新 翻譯情境看到熟習的元素時，會成長出公道的直覺，並依情境做得當的動作」 name things 竟然直接把它改為「叫名」（naming）！ 譯者不免難免太濫用她的權利了吧!! ----------------------------------- Unfortunately, professionals’ intuitions do not all arise from true expertise. Many years ago I visited the chief investment officer of a large financial firm, who told me that he had just invested some tens of millions of dollars in the stock of Ford Motor Company. When I asked how he had made that decision, he replied that he had recently attended an automobile show and had been impressed. “Boy, do they know how to make a car!” was his explanation. He made it very clear that he trusted his gut feeling and was satisfied with himself and with his decision. I found it remarkable that he had apparently not considered the one question that an economist would call relevant: Is Ford stock currently underpriced? Instead 翻譯公司 he had listened to his intuition; he liked the cars, he liked the company, and he liked the idea of owning its stock. From what we know about the accuracy of stock picking 翻譯公司 it is reasonable to believe that he did not know what he was doing. 很不幸的是，專業 翻譯直覺並不是所有來自專家。很多年前，我去造訪證券公司投資部分 翻譯一 位司理，他告知我，他投資了千百萬美元在福特汽車公司的股票上。我問他，他怎麼做這 個決意，他回覆，他比來去一個汽車展現場，對福特 翻譯車子印象很好。「啊！他們真的知 道若何打造一輛汽車！」這就是他的注釋。他特別很是清晰地透露表現，他相信直覺，所以對他的 決意很對勁 翻譯社我異常驚訝他沒有斟酌經濟學家必然會問的一個問題：福特股票而今是低於 它的市場價值嗎？相反的，他服從他的直覺，他喜好福特汽車，喜好福特公司，喜好具有 福特公司 翻譯股票，從我們對選擇股票的常識來說，這位投資專家可以說不知道本身在做什 麼。 ------------------- 評： expertise 專業妙技，不是專家。。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯 Unfortunately, professionals’ intuitions do not all arise from true expertise. 洪蘭：很不幸的是，專業 翻譯直覺並不是所有來自專家。 應作：「很不幸的是，專業人員的直覺並不是所有來自真正 翻譯專業技能。」 作者明顯不敢苟同那位經理挑選福特股票的決議過程，並以此申明專家也會不按專業來做 判斷，干「專業的直覺並不是全部來自專家」什麼事？ 做股票 翻譯司理沒用專業技能，而一個翻譯了51本書 翻譯學者，依然沒有翻譯 翻譯專業技能， 這其實有點諷刺呢。 remarkable 長短比尋常，離「很是驚訝」還有距離 one question that an economist would call relevant relevant question 直接相幹的問題，非「一定會問的一個問題」 accuracy of stock picking 若何正確選股 「選擇股票的常識」，好吧，不算太離譜 翻譯社 ------------------- The specific heuristics that Amos and I studied provided little help in understanding how the executive came to invest in Ford stock, but a broader conception of heuristics now exists 翻譯公司 which offers a good account. An important advance is that emotion now looms much larger in our understanding of intuitive judgments and choices than it did in the past. The executive’s decision would today be described as an example of the affect heuristic, where judgments and decisions are guided directly by feelings of liking and disliking, with little deliberation or reasoning. 特維斯基和我所研究的捷徑，對了解大公司老板若何決定投資福特股票來講，沒有什麼實 質的輔助，然則此刻有更普遍的捷徑概念，它對上述行為就有很好的注釋。一個主要 翻譯進 步是，情緒在領會直覺 翻譯判定和選擇上變得很主要，並且遠比曩昔的腳色主要 翻譯社今天，那 個投資經理 翻譯決議會被稱為情義的捷徑（affect heuristic），即判定和決議計劃直接管到喜 歡或不喜好感受的操弄，很少思辯和推理的成份在內。 ----------------- heuristics 是索求的進程或方法 （heuristic method or process） 一個心理學傳授竟然用「捷徑」潦草帶過，讓人匪夷所思。 ------------------ When confronted with a problem—choosing a chess move or deciding whether to invest in a stock—the machinery of intuitive thought does the best it can. If the individual has relevant expertise 翻譯公司 she will recognize the situation, and the intuitive solution that comes to her mind is likely to be correct. This is what happens when a chess master looks at a complex position: the few moves that immediately occur to him are all strong. When the question is difficult and a skilled solution is not available, intuition still has a shot: an answer may come to mind quickly—but it is not an answer to the original question. The question that the executive faced (should I invest in Ford stock?) was difficult 翻譯公司 but the answer to an easier and related question (do I like Ford cars?) came readily to his mind and determined his choice. This is the essence of intuitive heuristics: when faced with a difficult question 翻譯公司 we often answer an easier one instead, usually without noticing the substitution. 當碰著問題，比方說，決意下一步棋怎麼走，或是不是投資某支股票時，直覺思慮的機制會 盡力而為。假設這個人有相幹的專業經驗，他會認得情境，顯現貳心頭 翻譯直覺解決方法很 可能就是准確的。這是當一個西洋棋巨匠看到一盤複雜的棋，他即刻想到的幾步都很強勁 ，當問題很困難，又沒有手藝上的解決知識時，直覺照樣一個可行的體式格局。投資司理所面 對的問題（我是否該投資福特 翻譯股票？）很難題，然則一個比力簡單而且相幹 翻譯答案立時 就進入他的心中，決意了他 翻譯選擇。這是直覺捷徑的精華，當面對難題問題時，我們常回 答對照輕易 翻譯問題，而沒有回覆真正 翻譯問題，而且我們凡是沒有注意到這個替代 翻譯社 ----------------------- 評： When the question is difficult and a skilled solution is not available, intuition still has a shot. 洪蘭：當問題很難題，又沒有技術上的解決常識時，直覺照舊一個可行的體例 翻譯社 skilled solution 練習有素的解決方法 still has a shot = 一個可行的體式格局？簡直糊弄！ still has a shot 依然會試圖一搏 應作：當問題很艱巨，又沒有練習有素的解決方式時，直覺依然會試圖一搏 （所以後面再提到掉臂專業，胡亂選股的例子） -------------------------------- The spontaneous search for an intuitive solution sometimes fails—neither an expert solution nor a heuristic answer comes to mind. In such cases we often find ourselves switching to a slower, more deliberate and effortful form of thinking. This is the slow thinking of the title. Fast thinking includes both variants of intuitive thought—the expert and the heuristic—as well as the entirely automatic mental activities of perception and memory, the operations that enable you to know there is a lamp on your desk or retrieve the name of the capital of Russia. 主動搜索直覺的解決方法有時會失敗，豈論是專家的解決體例或捷徑 翻譯回覆都想不起來， 在這種情形下，我們會轉換到一個比較慢，比較特地，要吃力 翻譯思考體例。這就是書名「 慢的思考」 （slow thinking） 翻譯意思。「快的思慮」（fast thinking）包括各類直覺 的思慮──專家的和捷徑的──以及全部自動化的知覺和記憶的心智舉止，這種操作使你 知道桌上有一盞燈，或是回覆出俄國 翻譯首都在莫斯科。 both variants of intuitive thought 直覺思慮的兩種變化形式；不是各類直覺的思慮 ------------------------------ The distinction between fast and slow thinking has been explored by many psychologists over the last twenty-five years. For reasons that I explain more fully in the next chapter, I describe mental life by the metaphor of two agents, called System 1 and System 2, which respectively produce fast and slow thinking. I speak of the features of intuitive and deliberate thought as if they were traits and dispositions of two characters in your mind. In the picture that emerges from recent research, the intuitive System 1 is more influential than your experience tells you, and it is the secret author of many of the choices and judgments you make. Most of this book is about the workings of System 1 and the mutual influences between it and System 2. 在曩昔二十五年裡，許多科學家都曾探討過快和慢兩種思慮方式 翻譯區分 翻譯社我鄙人一章中會 講到，為什麼我用系統一和系統二的比方來描述心智生涯，系同一代表著快的思考，系統 二是慢的思慮。我會談到直覺的和特地 翻譯思考特質，就彷佛是你心中有兩小我的人格特質 翻譯社從比來的研究中得知，直覺 翻譯系統一是比經驗告知你 翻譯還有影響力，它是你許多選擇和 判定背後 翻譯神秘作者，這本書大部分是關於系同一的工作情形，和系同一和系統二之間 彼此的影響。 -------------------- psychologists 翻為科學家？譯者是不是憂郁很多人把心理學看成胡說八道的騙術呢？ -- There are a lot of things we don't want to know about the people we love. --- Chuck Palahniuk

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